godot横板移动平台游戏学习笔记

2D战斗

基础移动

extends Area2D
@onready var icon = $Icon
#移动速率
@export var speed = 100
func \_ready():
pass
func \_process(delta):
var direction = Vector2.ZERO
if Input.is\_action\_pressed("move\_right"):
direction.x = 1
if Input.is\_action\_pressed("move\_left"):
direction.x = -1
if Input.is\_action\_pressed("move\_up"):
direction.y = -1
if Input.is\_action\_pressed("move\_down"):
direction.y = 1
position += direction \* delta \* speed

通过每帧获取当前节点二位向量位置，根据Input按键输入判断移动当当前节点位置

然后然后* delta是为了稳定帧率下的运行 *speed是为了灵活的调节移动速度

重力碰撞检测和动画播放

extends CharacterBody2D
@onready var animation\_player = $AnimationPlayer
@onready var sprite\_2d = $Sprite2D
const GRAVITY = 2000.0
const WALK\_SPEED = 200
#跳跃高度
const JUMP\_FORCE = 750
#跳跃判断
var is\_jumping = false
func \_physics\_process(delta):
print(velocity.y)
#物体和墙壁发生了碰撞
if is\_on\_wall():
print("撞墙")
#没有上下的撞墙判断 只有一个力
if is\_on\_wall\_only():
print("空中撞墙撞墙")
if velocity.y == -JUMP\_FORCE:
print("jump")
is\_jumping = false
velocity.y += delta \* GRAVITY
if Input.is\_action\_pressed("move\_left"):
velocity.x = -WALK\_SPEED
sprite\_2d.flip\_h = true
animation\_player.play("walk")
elif Input.is\_action\_pressed("move\_right"):
velocity.x = WALK\_SPEED
sprite\_2d.flip\_h = false
animation\_player.play("walk")
else:
velocity.x = 0
move\_and\_slide()
func \_process(delta):
var direction = Input.get\_action\_strength("move\_right") - Input.get\_action\_strength("move\_left")
if is\_jumping:
#animation\_player.play("jump")
pass
elif direction == 0:
animation\_player.play("idle")
func \_input(event):
if event.is\_action\_pressed("move\_up") and not is\_jumping and velocity.y == 0:
velocity.y = -JUMP\_FORCE
is\_jumping = true

使用move_and_slide()时，会检测碰撞并且滑动，从而实现了任意位置放置后，根据重力下落，然后进行移动

播放动画则是根据不同时机的判断完成

窗口尺寸问题

如果出现运行场景后，窗口的尺寸会随着放大缩小发生改变，通过修改项目设置—-窗口—–模式—–canvas_items来让他自适应

教学视频:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Se411k7kS/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=adbd70f3395ed4825cbab1afe7aa152e

实现变速移动

extends CharacterBody2D
@onready var animation\_player = $AnimationPlayer
@onready var sprite\_2d = $Sprite2D
const GRAVITY = 2000.0
const WALK\_SPEED = 200
const JUMP\_FORCE = 750
var is\_jumping = false
var walk\_acceleration = 0.0
var walk\_timer = 0.0
const WALK\_ACCELERATION\_TIME = 2.0
func \_physics\_process(delta):
if is\_on\_wall():
print("撞墙")
if is\_on\_wall\_only():
print("空中撞墙撞墙")
if velocity.y == -JUMP\_FORCE:
print("jump")
is\_jumping = false
velocity.y += delta \* GRAVITY
if Input.is\_action\_pressed("move\_left"):
velocity.x = -WALK\_SPEED
sprite\_2d.flip\_h = true
animation\_player.play("walk")
elif Input.is\_action\_pressed("move\_right"):
if walk\_timer >= WALK\_ACCELERATION\_TIME:
walk\_acceleration = 2.0 # 例如：超过2秒后加倍加速度
else:
walk\_acceleration = 1.0 # 正常加速度
velocity.x = WALK\_SPEED \* walk\_acceleration
sprite\_2d.flip\_h = false
animation\_player.play("walk")
else:
velocity.x = 0
walk\_acceleration = 0.0
move\_and\_slide()
func \_process(delta):
var direction = Input.get\_action\_strength("move\_right") - Input.get\_action\_strength("move\_left")
if is\_jumping:
# animation\_player.play("jump")
pass
elif direction == 0:
animation\_player.play("idle")
if Input.is\_action\_pressed("move\_right"):
walk\_timer += delta
else:
walk\_timer = 0.0
func \_input(event):
if event.is\_action\_pressed("move\_up") and not is\_jumping and velocity.y == 0:
velocity.y = -JUMP\_FORCE
is\_jumping = true
if event.is\_action\_pressed("Sprint"):
print("向右冲刺")
velocity.x = -600

通过每帧判断，然后时间到了归0

LimboAI

使用这个插件来快速构建项目的状态机，状态机也可以依靠纯手写脚本构建，但是为了追求效率，目前先使用轮子，之后为了更加详细的了解状态机，会自己从头在造轮子。

使用LimboAI自带的函数可以快速创建各种状态，通过使用start 和 update 来控制状态之间的切换。

extends CharacterBody2D
@onready var animation\_player = $AnimationPlayer
@onready var sprite\_2d = $Sprite2D
@onready var trail\_timer = $TrailTimer
@onready var label = $"../Label"
#状态机
var main\_sm: LimboHSM
const GRAVITY = 2000.0
const WALK\_SPEED = 200
const JUMP\_FORCE = 750
var speed : int
#当前状态
var state : String
var is\_jumping = false
var walk\_acceleration = 0.0
var walk\_timer = 0.0
const WALK\_ACCELERATION\_TIME = 0.5
func \_ready():
initate\_start\_machine()
func \_physics\_process(delta):
label.text = "speed:" + str(speed) + "\n" + "Player状态:" + str(main\_sm.get\_active\_state())
if is\_on\_wall():
print("撞墙")
state = "落地后检测到碰撞"
if is\_on\_wall\_only():
print("空中撞墙撞墙")
state = "浮空下检测到碰撞"
if velocity.y == -JUMP\_FORCE:
print("jump")
is\_jumping = false
velocity.y += delta \* GRAVITY
if Input.is\_action\_pressed("move\_left"):
if walk\_timer >= WALK\_ACCELERATION\_TIME:
walk\_acceleration = 2.0 # 例如：超过2秒后加倍加速度
else:
walk\_acceleration = 1.0 # 正常加速度
speed = -WALK\_SPEED \* walk\_acceleration
velocity.x = speed
#print(-WALK\_SPEED \* walk\_acceleration)
sprite\_2d.flip\_h = true
animation\_player.play("walk")
elif Input.is\_action\_pressed("move\_right"):
if walk\_timer >= WALK\_ACCELERATION\_TIME:
walk\_acceleration = 2.0 # 例如：超过2秒后加倍加速度
else:
walk\_acceleration = 1.0 # 正常加速度
velocity.x = WALK\_SPEED \* walk\_acceleration
#print(WALK\_SPEED \* walk\_acceleration)
sprite\_2d.flip\_h = false
animation\_player.play("walk")
else:
velocity.x = 0
walk\_acceleration = 0.0
move\_and\_slide()
func \_process(delta):
var direction = Input.get\_action\_strength("move\_right") - Input.get\_action\_strength("move\_left")
if is\_jumping:
# animation\_player.play("jump")
pass
elif direction == 0:
animation\_player.play("idle")
#通过帧率对加速度进行计时判断
if Input.is\_action\_pressed("move\_right") or Input.is\_action\_pressed("move\_left"):
walk\_timer += delta
else:
walk\_timer = 0.0
#调用反转函数
flip\_sprite(direction)
func \_input(event):
if event.is\_action\_pressed("move\_up") and not is\_jumping and velocity.y == 0:
velocity.y = -JUMP\_FORCE
is\_jumping = true
if event.is\_action\_pressed("Sprint"):
print("冲刺")
elif event.is\_action\_released("Sprint"):
print("释放冲刺")
func \_on\_trail\_timer\_timeout():
if velocity.x == 0:
return
var trail = preload("res://effects/trail.tscn").instantiate()
get\_parent().add\_child(trail)
get\_parent().move\_child(trail,get\_index())
var properties = [
"hframes",
"vframes",
"frame",
"texture",
"global\_position",
"flip\_h",
]
for name in properties:
trail.set(name,sprite\_2d.get(name))
func flip\_sprite(dir):
if dir == 1:
#人物反转
#print("人物右转")
pass
elif dir == -1:
#print("人物左转")
pass
func \_unhandled\_input(event):
if event.is\_action\_pressed("move\_up"):
main\_sm.dispatch(&"to\_jump")
elif event.is\_action\_pressed("Sprint"):
#冲刺
pass
elif event.is\_action\_pressed("attack"):
main\_sm.dispatch(&"to\_attack")
func initate\_start\_machine():
#实例化状态机
main\_sm = LimboHSM.new()
#添加状态机
add\_child(main\_sm)
#创建idle状态 设置默认状态的启动方法 on\_enter 首次启动调用方法 update 更新后调用方法
var idle\_state = LimboState.new().named("idle").call\_on\_enter(idle\_start).call\_on\_update(idle\_update)
#创建walk状态
var walk\_state = LimboState.new().named("walk").call\_on\_enter(walk\_start).call\_on\_update(walk\_update)
#创建jump状态 设置默认状态的启动方法 on\_enter 首次启动调用方法 update 更新后调用方法
var jump\_state = LimboState.new().named("jump").call\_on\_enter(jump\_start).call\_on\_update(jump\_update)
#创建walk状态
var attack\_state = LimboState.new().named("attack").call\_on\_enter(attack\_start).call\_on\_update(attack\_update)
#加入状态机
main\_sm.add\_child(idle\_state)
main\_sm.add\_child(walk\_state)
main\_sm.add\_child(jump\_state)
main\_sm.add\_child(attack\_state)
#设置初始状态
main\_sm.initial\_state = idle\_state
#状态机切换
#从闲置状态切换到行走状态
main\_sm.add\_transition(idle\_state,walk\_state,&"to\_walk")
#从任意状态都可以回到闲置状态 这也符合游戏人物移动逻辑
main\_sm.add\_transition(main\_sm.ANYSTATE,idle\_state,&"state\_ended")
#两个转换，公用一个调用方法 实现更灵活的调用
main\_sm.add\_transition(idle\_state,jump\_state,&"to\_jump")
main\_sm.add\_transition(walk\_state,jump\_state,&"to\_jump")
#任何状态都可以进行攻击的切换
main\_sm.add\_transition(main\_sm.ANYSTATE,attack\_state,&"to\_attack")
#初始化状态机
main\_sm.initialize(self)
#设置状态机激活状态 活动状态机
main\_sm.set\_active(true)
#idle的首次启动调用方法
func idle\_start():
print("idle start")
#可以播放闲置动画
#idle的每帧更新调用方法
func idle\_update(delta: float):
if velocity.x != 0:
main\_sm.dispatch(&"to\_walk")
#walk的首次启动调用方法
func walk\_start():
print("角色行走中")
#walk的每帧更新调用方法
func walk\_update(delta: float):
if velocity.x == 0:
main\_sm.dispatch(&"state\_ended")
print("角色行走结束")
#jump的首次启动调用方法
func jump\_start():
#调用动画播放Jump动画
#改变velocity.y = jump\_power 来实现跳跃
pass
#jump的每帧更新调用方法
func jump\_update(delta: float):
#判断跳跃是否落地
if is\_on\_floor():
#落地后切换闲置状态
main\_sm.dispatch(&"state\_ended")
#attack的首次启动调用方法
func attack\_start():
#播放攻击动画
pass
#attack的每帧更新调用方法
func attack\_update(delta: float):
#当播放动画结束后，切换状态机回到闲置状态
#由于目前没有这个动画所以只用注释解释 后续可以根据情况修改
pass

视频教学:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y6421Z7sV/?spm_id_from=333.1007.top_right_bar_window_default_collection.content.click&vd_source=adbd70f3395ed4825cbab1afe7aa152e

里面的一些状态我并没有用上，因为之前我就是直接在脚本里判断写的移动，不好桥接，所以只是做了一些演示。实际代码都用注释去讲了。

但还是一个很好的学习项目

道具范围拾取检测

实现碰撞检测需要的关键节点是Area2D，它可以检测进入到区域的所有同类

这是我的Player场景构成

其中有两个CollisionShape2D，但作用完全不一样，Player下的Col节点是为了实现地面的碰撞，可以实现基础的移动，跳跃。

而Area2D，本质上不会达成碰撞，而是一个检测区域的作用。

这是我的道具场景构成：

可以看到，我使用Area2D的信号返回给了Boom节点，然后当Area2D的Coll检测到同类Arrea2D碰撞后，也就是进入这个区域内，会启动这个信号。

就这样，我们实现了基础的道具拾取检测，也可以用来完成其他的功能

Tween

使用Tween可以通过代码直接创建动画，无需创建节点

学习视频:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Cy411z7xE/?spm_id_from=333.1007.tianma.1-1-1.click&vd_source=adbd70f3395ed4825cbab1afe7aa152e

场景切换

实现场景切换需要三个节点

CanvasLayer 父节点

ColorRect 子节点 用来进行切换的动画效果

AnimationPlayer子节点 用来进行切换的动画效果

首先用ColorRect制作一个黑幕动画，画面从透明变成黑色

父节点脚本:

extends CanvasLayer
@onready var animation\_player = $AnimationPlayer
func \_ready():
#隐藏自身
self.hide()
func changer\_scene(path):
self.show()
self.set\_layer(999)
animation\_player.play("changer")
await animation\_player.animation\_finished
get\_tree().change\_scene\_to\_file(path)
animation\_player.play\_backwards("changer")
await animation\_player.animation\_finished
self.set\_layer(-1)
self.hide()
pass